Definition:An autorun.inf file is a text file that can be used by the AutoRun and AutoPlay components of Microsoft Windows Operating systems. For the file to be discovered and used by these components, it must be located in the root directory of a volume.However,some virus comes with autorun.inf that infected your portable usb drive. Even you can see autorun.inf,somehow it cannot be deleted directly because it was change to system file.So,don’t waste your money to ask or buy an application to delete autorun.inf.This is because windows comes with command prompt that free to used.:)

  

                                   The best thing about being a 

PC enthusiast—beyond, of course, the never ending joy of serving as the personal support technician for friends and family—is being able to assemble a system from the ground up with the perfect mix of components for a given budget. That mix of componentswill vary depending on your needs, but with today's market 

so rich with high-performance hardware at affordable prices, it's easy to spec a custom system that will blow the doors off pre-built boxes from major PC vendors.

For those who lack the expertise to pick the best available components, we compile regular system guides outlining our recommendations at various price points. These guides are a great starting point  for seasoned PC hobbyists contemplating a new build, but they're an invaluable resource 

 for less savvy users seeking guidance as they step into the enthusiast realm.

Getting started

Users new to building systems from scratch need more than just a shopping list, though. There's an art to assembling a rig from bare components. Building a PC can be a daunting task for a newbie who has never put a system together before. For those folks, we've crafted a step-by-step guide covering the basics of system assembly. Keep reading as we show you how to build a PC from scratch.

Before diving into assembly, you'll want to gather a few supplies and find a large, clean work area that preferably isn't teeming with static electricity. As far as tools are concerned, you shouldn't need more than a Philips head screwdriver; one that holds screws in place with a magnetic tip is ideal. We'll also be using rubbing alcohol, Q-Tips, and zip ties. Everything else that you need should be included with the various components you've gathered to put into the system. Yes, you'll need those components, too.

Prior to removing any of the components from their packaging, you'll want to take the precaution of grounding yourself by touching a large, metal object like a table base, filing cabinet, or your PC's case—whatever's nearby—in order to discharge any static electricity you may be carrying with you. Static electricity can be harmful to PC components. Some folks prefer to use an anti-static wristband in order to keep themselves grounded.

Assembling the core

The CPU lies at the core of the modern PC, making it an appropriate place to start our build. For this first step, you'll of course want the processor, and also your system-to-be's motherboard.

This particular assembly guide features an Intel processor with a LGA775 socket, so certain steps won't be applicable to systems using AMD processors based on Socket AM2. Socket AM2 isn't hard to figure out, though; processor installation instructions typically come bundled with both the processor and the motherboard.

After laying the motherboard out on a clean work surface, remove the plastic cover that shields the LGA775 socket's pins from harm. Be careful not to bend or otherwise disturb these pins—they need to line up just right with contact points on the base of the CPU.

With the plastic guard removed, you'll easily be able to unclip the lever that holds the socket's CPU retention mechanism in place. Flip this retention bracket back on its hinges to expose the socket in full.

Modern CPUs are keyed to ensure that they can only be inserted into a socket one way, just like a puzzle piece, so you should have no problem dropping your processor into the socket. LGA775 processors, for example, have little indents along opposing edges that line up with protrusions in the socket. If your CPU struggles to slide smoothly into the socket, chances are you've got it oriented the wrong way.

Once the processor is sitting comfortably in the socket, flip the retention bracket back down and use the lever to clamp it into place. This secures the CPU to the motherboard.

With the processor installed, we can move onto the application of thermal compound. Some folks like to apply thermal paste before dropping the processor into the motherboard, but I find that tends to be a little messier without making things any easier.

Before slathering thermal compound all over our processor's exposed cap, it helps to make sure that cap is nice and clean. Gently brush the cap with a Q-Tip dipped in rubbing alcohol to rid it of any dust or oils that it may have picked up from your grubby carefully manicured fingers during the installation process.

Next, we apply thermal compound. Most retail processors that come packaged with coolers will already have thermal compound applied to the base of the heatsink. If yours does, you can skip this step and proceed directly to heatsink installation. However, we recommend applying thermal compound yourself. Thermal compound works best as a very thin layer between the CPU and heatsink, and most heatsinks that come with paste pre-applied use a thicker layer than is optimal.

You really only need a small dab of thermal compound to ensure complete coverage for the CPU. The dollop pictured above is more than enough, and it's best squeezed onto the center of the processor's metal cap.

Next, spread the thermal compound over the processor, ensuring complete and even coverage. Some thermal compounds come with plastic spreaders, but you can also use a credit card or even a finger wrapped in a plastic bag. What you want to end up with here is a relatively smooth layer that's just thick enough to completely cover the processor.

Don't worry about getting a little paste on the CPU retention bracket; it won't do any harm there. You will want to clean up any compound that makes its way onto the motherboard or its surface-mounted components, though. A Q-Tip dipped in rubbing alcohol should do the trick.

Once the processor is glazed with compound, we can turn our attention to the heatsink. If you've elected to do your own thermal compound application, you'll want to make sure that the heatsink's base is scrubbed clean. Rubbing alcohol usually gets the job done, but some heatsinks are slathered with particularly gooey, clingy, or otherwise uncooperative thermal interface materials. It may be necessary to break out more noxious substances, such as nail polish remover, to restore the base of the heatsink to a bare metal shine.

Be careful not to mar the base of the heatsink when removing any thermal compound that may cover it. Some heatsinks need to be scraped clean of thermal compound, and it's best to scrape with something plastic rather than a metal tool that will gouge the heatsink's surface.

With our system's processor blanketed by a thin veil of thermal compound and our heatsink's base scrubbed clean, it's time to mate the two together. Before dropping the heatsink into place, ensure that all four of the heatsink's plastic retention posts are rotated clockwise into their installation position. Next, place the heatsink on top of the CPU, lining up the four retention posts with corresponding holes in the motherboard.

When the posts are lined up, depress the black plastic tabs one by one to lock the heatsink into place. You should hear an audible click as each post locks into place.

Since the area around a modern motherboard's CPU socket is often crowded with tall capacitors, heatsinks, and elaborate heatpipe arrays, I find it's best to depress the retention post that's least accessible first. The post directly opposite that one should be next, followed by the remaining two in whichever order you desire.

After locking the heatsink into place, plug its fan into the appropriate header on the motherboard. The CPU fan header is usually right next to the socket, but if you can't find it, your motherboard manual should have a map highlighting its location.

Note whether the heatsink you're using features a fan with a three- or four-pin header. That information will come in handy when we jump into the BIOS to configure fan speed control, since some motherboards can't auto-detect fan types.

1. 
   
   
   
   
   Step 1
   
   
   Decide how you intend to use the car: for daily commuting, recreation, weekends and evenings out, carrying things, towing a trailer, carrying more than one passenger or driving in the city, suburbs or country. Consider factors that are important to you, such as fuel efficiency, reliability and safety features.
   
   
   
   
2. 
   
   
   
   Step 2
   Check into the resale value and repair history of past models in this car line, such as by consulting Consumer Reports magazine or its website (see Resources).
   
   
   
   
3. 
   
   
   
   Step 3
   Come up with a realistic budget, based on what you can afford (consider the monthly payment and cost of upkeep). If you're considering a trade-in, check the Kelley Blue Book value of your current vehicle. The Blue Book is a catalog of new and used car values, available at libraries, banks and online (see Resources). Factor your car's trade-in value into your total budget.
   
   
   
   
4. 
   
   
   
   Step 4
   Locate a town or an area near your home with several car dealerships; check Sunday newspaper advertisements and the yellow pages. Choose one or more dealerships to visit and set out early, preferably on a weekday. Remember to bring your driver's license so you can test drive.
   
   
   
   
5. 
   
   
   
   Step 5
   Find a car that interests you and check the stickers on the window. The first (and sometimes only) one is the factory sticker, which lists the MSRP (Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price), and the second is the dealer's sticker.
   
   
   
   
6. 
   
   
   
   Step 6
   You'll see that the factory sticker lists the car's features and its fuel-efficiency rating (or the number of miles per gallon expected for city and highway driving). The MSRP on this sticker includes the sum of the vehicle's base price, any additional options and the destination fee. The MSRP has a built-in profit for the dealer, often around 10 percent.
   
   
   
   
7. 
   
   
   
   Step 7
   Understand that the second sticker, if there is one, reflects a higher price. This price is set by the retailer for options and services it has supplied apart from the factory. Examples include an undercoating (to protect the car's underside exterior), dealer prep (washing, waxing and interior cleaning), interior and exterior treatment (sealant for the interior, no-wax finish for the exterior) and extra items (specialty wheels, for example). The second sticker price may also include additional dealer profits.
   
   
   
   
8. 
   
   
   
   Step 8
   Tell the sales representative that you'd like to have a look inside the car, or just hop in if it's unlocked. Adjust the seat and mirrors, and check leg room in each part of the car.
   
   
   
   
9. 
   
   
   
   Step 9
   Ask to take a test drive. Start out on city streets and then head out to the highway. Pay attention to steering ease, turning radius, braking response and acceleration. Adjust the mirrors and radio while you're driving to test convenience.
   
   
   
   
10. 
    
    
    
    Step 10
    Return to the dealership and thank the dealer. If you like the car, ask for a business card and say you will return later.
    
    
    
    
11. 
    
    
    
    Step 11
    Head to the next dealership and investigate other car models as described above. Ask dealers which car most closely resembles the one you previously test-drove, providing the make and model and explaining which features you liked. Test a number of models until you decide on a car, and compare these prices with those at other dealerships.
    
    
    
    
12. 
    
    
    
    Step 12
    Inquire about availability and delivery time, especially if you're interested in a popular model or want special features.
    
    
    
    
13. 
    
    
    
    Step 13
    Factor the dealership and its sales staff into your choice. A dealership you can trust, especially one with a competent service center on site, is worth more than money in your long future with the vehicle. You can, of course, have your car serviced at any dealer authorized by your new car's warranty.
    
    
    
    
14. 
    
    
    
    Step 14
    Start negotiations on polite and friendly terms. Comment on what you like about the car and ask questions. The intent is to make the seller comfortable.
    
    
    
    
15. 
    
    
    
    Step 15
    Remember that the dealer's second sticker lists options, not requirements, regardless of whether those services have already been provided. Ask for the factory wheels back, for example, or order a car that has no undercoating.
    
    
    
    
16. 
    
    
    
    Step 16
    Make your first offer. It should be lower than what you're willing to pay, but not an insulting figure. Use the MSRP as a reference, remembering that dealer profit (often around 10 percent) is built into this figure.
    
    
    
    
17. 
    
    
    
    Step 17
    Allow the seller to make a counteroffer. If the price is too high, say you're not able to afford that and ask him to talk to his manager.
    
    
    
    
18. 
    
    
    
    Step 18
    If the salesperson balks at your first offer, make a slightly higher one. Continue negotiating until you can agree on a price within your budget. If you can't agree on a price, seek out another dealer. You may be able to go back and get the first dealer to underbid the second dealer.
    
    
    
    

Tips & Warnings

• 
  
  
  
  It is usually cheaper for dealers to order a standard options package than to order a customized set of options just for you. Thus, you may be able to get a better deal on a luxury package car than you would on a car with only a few options that you specially request.
  
  
  
  
• 
  
  
  
  When the manufacturer sells a car to a retailer, the price is set to include a limited amount of dealer prep, such as washing and interior cleaning. Ask your dealer what additional services have been provided to warrant the charge, which is often listed on the second sticker as "dealer prep."
  
  
  
  
• 
  
  
  
  Manufacturers often survey dealers' customer satisfaction rating and award bonuses to those who score consistently high. So be sure you're satisfied with your salesperson. Don't be shy about asking him or her to show you everything you want to know about the vehicle.
  
  
  
  
• 
  
  
  
  Avoid setting your heart on one particular model or make. There are hundreds of excellent vehicles on the market, and becoming attached to one of them may make you less hardheaded in your bargaining.
  
  
  
  
• 
  
  
  
  
  
  Avoid being nasty to the salesperson. Express regret over your own limited means and admiration for the sales rep's efforts on your behalf, as appropriate.
  
  
  
  

Apple iPhone 4 vs Samsung Galaxy S   [1 October 2010] The iPhone 4 and Samsung Galaxy S are two flagship devices from Apple and Samsung respectively. Both devices share similar hardware specifications as they both has a large capacitive touchscreen with multi-touch support. Both devices share similar hardware specifications as they both has a large capacitive touchscreen with multi-touch support, a 1GHz processor, a 16GB of internal storage and a 5-megapixel camera. The Galaxy S offers an 8GB and 16GB variant while the iPhone has a 16GB and 32GB variant.

Nokia C7 vs Nokia N8   [29 September 2010] The Nokia C7 and N8 are two phones that run on Symbian ^3. The Nokia N8 has a few advantages over the C7. The camera on the Nokia N8 is a 12-megapixel type whereas the camera on the Nokia C7 is of the 8-megapixel type. Both are pretty good ratings for a camera-on-a-phone. However, the N8 has a little edge in this matter.

Nokia C6 vs HTC Desire   [6 September 2010] We are looking at the C6 and HTC Desire, a feature phone and a smartphone to see how they fare on our head to head. The C6 sports a slide-out QWERTY keyboard design with a touchscreen, the Desire is a candybar with a touchscreen and an optical trackpad for input. The HTC Desire has a much larger screen, the 3.7 inch screen compared to the C6's 3.2 inch. The Nokia C6 is a feature phone with decent enough features but the Desire is a smartphone with top of the line features.

iPhone 4 vs HTC Desire   [28 August 2010] We are looking at two flagship devices from Apple and HTC respectively, let's see the iPhone 4 and the HTC Desire go head to head, both phones are loaded with two leading mobile operating systems, the Apple iOS and Google Android. Both mobile operating systems - Google Android and iOS 4 will be a deciding factor, as it depends which operating systems you ultimately prefer.

Nokia E5 vs Nokia E72   [28 August 2010] The Nokia E72 and Nokia E5 are Blackberry-type full Qwerty keyboard devices in the Nokia E-Series devices. Both the phones are identical in almost every way, running the Symbian 9.3 OS and utilising 5-megapixel cameras with almost identical features across the board. However, the E72 has a front camera for video calls. Just as the E72 is the successor model to the E71, so the E5 succeeds the E72.

iPhone 4 vs Nokia X6   [28 August 2010] The iPhone 4 and the Nokia X6 are pretty similar in that they have 5-megapixel cameras, are 3.5G and Wi-Fi capable and have 32GBs of memory. Of course, Apple also has a 16GB version of the iPhone 4. The X6 runs the Symbian 9.4 OS whilst the Apple runs on the iPhone OS4. Frankly, except for minor differences in the specifications, both these devices are almost the same from a technical point of view.

Free PC Hardware Training Lesson Topics from Tamingthebeast.net

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Everything you wanted to know about computer hardware... and then some! Covering topics from system casing specifications to Hard Drive geometry to Bios configurations! 

Please wait... this is a large tutorial listing and will take around 10 seconds to load.....

• Introduction to the PC
  
  • How the PC Works
    • The Computer's Primary Jobs
    • How the Computer Computes
    • Example: What Happens When You Press A Key
      
  • Overview of Systems and Components
    
  • PC Fundamentals
    • Binary vs. Decimal Measurements
    • Basic Electrical Components
    • Jumpers
    • Signaling, Clocks and Synchronous Data Transfer
      

Creating a website.  Sounds complicated, doesn't it?  It isn't.  You don't need to be a techie or learn any type of complicated code either.  If you are creating a website for the first time, bookmark this site.  It will be really useful to you.  I tell you everything you need to know and walk you through each step of the process - free!  

There are three main steps to creating a web site:

1.  Get a Domain Name - this page has everything you need to know about domain names - what they are, why you need one, how to choose a good one and how to get one.

2.  Choose a Web Host - this page explains what a web host is, how to choose a good one, and what you really need and what you don't so you don't get taken. 

3.  Creating a Web Site - this page explains how you actually build a website, what you should and should not put on it and helps you figure out which website builder is for you.

Creating a website is just the first step to having a successful website.  I will also show you add-ons you can put on your website like newsletters and counters for free or cheap, ways you can make money from your website and how to get traffic to it.

Network: Most people find jobs through word-of-mouth. Talk to the people you know, including relatives, friends, professors, and former co-workers. Let them know that you are looking for work; ask their advice; seek out introductions to people in the field that interests you.

Customize: Create a custom version of your resume for each job or industry that interests you. Your resume is usually an employers first contact with you. Make sure it highlights your skills that relate to the job that employer is seeking to fill.

Know yourself: Identify your skills. Work on communicating them effectively. You need to be able to lay out your skills, and explain how they relate to the job you're seeking.

Organize and prioritize: Make a list to help keep track of your job search efforts. Preparing a list also helps you to organize your priorities and keeps you focused on your goal -- finding your perfect job.

Do your homework: Read the newspaper and trade journals to remain current on developments in your field of interest. Knowing the latest trends and mergers will help set you apart from other candidates in an interview.

Practice, practice, practice: Preparation is the key to a successful interview. Know your skills and be ready to illustrate how they relate to the job in question. Practice with a friend to get comfortable with your responses and to formulate strong answers to questions you might not anticipate.

Follow up: Follow up on all leads as soon as possible. If you don't, your competition may. And, following an interview, always send a thank-you note the same day.

Keep your head up: Looking for a job can feel like a job in itself. Don't let it get you down. With patience and hard work, you will find the right job.

  PENDAHULUAN

1.1 Hak-hak dan perlindungan pengguna perlulah dilihat secara menyeluruh iaitu yang meliputi dasar yang menjadi amalan pernerintah berhubung dengan kepenggunaan. Undang-undang yang digubal dengan tujuan melindungi hak-hak dan kepentingan pengguna, pendidikan dan kesedaran kepenggunaan di kalangan pengguna serta penguatkuasaan undang-undang yang berkaitan dengan hak-hak dan kepentingan pengguna.Tanpa adanya keempat-empat unsur utama tersebut maka matlamat melindungi hak-hak dan kepentingan pengguna sukar dicapai. Hubungan antara tiap-tiap unsur berkenaan kepada pengguna dapat dilihat dengan mudah dalarn model perlindungan pengguna seperti berikut: